状语从句
周舟 2018年30月08日发布
概括：这道题是巫梢焚同学的课后英语练习题，主要是关于状语从句，指导老师为季老师，下面是详细讲解。
题目：状语从句
解：状语从句讲解
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当.例如：
1.Naturally ,our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call .(副词)
2.We worked hard ,from sunrise to sunset .(介词状短语)
3.To help my disabled aunt ,I spend an hour working in her house every day .(不定式)
4.Seen from a distance ,the farmhouse looked deserted .(过去分词)
5.I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中.enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置.
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when,as,while,as soon as,while,before,after,since ,till,until
特殊引导词：the minute,the moment,the second,every time,the day,the instant,immediately ,directly,no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV,his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go,you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because,since,as,since
特殊引导词：seeing that,now that,in that,considering that,given that,considering that,
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come,let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old,his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that,in order that
特殊引导词：lest,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that,so… that,such … that,
特殊引导词：such that,to the degree that,to the extent that,to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if,unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,suppose that,in case that,on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though,although,even if,even though
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …,in spite of the fact that,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
Much as I respect him,I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried,she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …,so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as,as if,how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome,do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
举一反三
例1： 九种状语从句包括哪些?
思路提示：
1、时间状语从句：
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、让步状语从句
9、比较状语从句
例2： 共有九种状语从句,各个的连接词有哪些?[英语练习题]
思路提示：
状语从句分类及常用连词：时间状语从句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,once,as soon as,etc.地点状语从句where,wherever 原因状语从句because,since,as,for,now that,etc.目的状语从句in order tha...
例3： 状语从句的谓语动词的形式?[英语练习题]
思路提示：
一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话.（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work,I will go home.我一完成此工作,就回家.（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back,please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back）
例4： 方式状语从句怎么用?[英语练习题]
思路提示：
引导方式状语从句的连词：as（如同）；as if（或as though）（好象）.
（１）as和like都有“就像”的意思,as是连词,后加句子；like是介词,后加名词、代词或名词性短语：
Iworkasothersdo（或like others）.
我像别人那样工作.
（２）as if,as though两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,as if比as though更常用：
Theyaretalkingasif（或as though）theyhadseenaghost.
他们谈着话,就像是见了鬼.
▲as if和as though有时可引导表语从句.
例5： 【方式状语从句】[英语练习题]
思路提示：
方式状语从句常见的引导词有表示“像……”的as和表示“好像……”的as if/as though, 例如： Let’s study as Lei Feng studied. 让我们像雷锋那样学习吧.// Think as I think. 像我这样去想.// He talks as if/though he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了.
1. 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导.
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人.
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水.
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西.
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大.汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的.（与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的.（与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来.（实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气.）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的.
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的.
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒.
2.其他的引导词
1）the way：Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词.
2）口语常用的like：He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的. （这里用了虚拟语气,值得注意的是be动词用的was,而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were.）
状语从句的简化 ♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式.从句中的主语和be动词常可省略.例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
3）固定句式：A is to B what C is to D 例如：
Nine is to three what three is to one.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略.例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化".状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高.因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解.
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句.下面针对这五种情形作一归纳.
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉.例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境.
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议.
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉.常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车.
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲.
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子时代就乐于助人.
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了.
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲.
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩.
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里.
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功.
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么.
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题.
f.连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦.
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了.
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达.例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室.(=The meeting over,
编辑本段
例题解析
[考题1] When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. (1995)
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
[答案] C
[解析] 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实情况或者是极有可能发生、 存在的情况时, as if/though引导的方式状语从句需用陈述语气形式. 但表示所叙述的情况与事实相反时as if从句中应使用虚拟语气.注意比较以下两个例句：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
前一句表示“他已经醉了”, 后一句则表示“他没有醉”.
[考题2] Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____ yesterday. (2006)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
[答案] D
[解析] as if后的谓语动词应采用一般过去时的形式与状语yesterday搭配, 表示对现在真实情况的虚拟.
相关思考练习题：
题1：方式状语从句的定义
点拨： 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常常用as“像.....一样”；just as； as if（though）“似乎，好像”等引导。例如： In the early days, people could not count as we do now. 在早期日子里，人们不能和我们现在一样去计数。 Most p...
题2：状语从句有哪些类型
点拨：状语从句的种类 1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.条件状语从句 5.目的状 语从句 6.让步状语从句 7.比较状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9.结果状语从句 状语从句的时态特点： 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在...
题3：as的从句用法
点拨：1、引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 2、as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以...
题4：what是不是不可以引导状语从句？
点拨：what 不可以引导状语从句，只能引导主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。如： 1. What he said is true. 他所说的话是真的。 主语从句 2. This is what he said. 这就是他所说的话。表语从句 3. I don‘t know what he will wear today. ...
题5：目的状语从句例句
点拨：目的状语从句 从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, will, wo...
