直接引语变间接引语
周舟 2018年14月09日发布
概括：这道题是公邓偬同学的课后英语练习题，主要是关于直接引语变间接引语，指导老师为富老师。直接引语和间接引语。引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语(Direct Speech)，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。一、 直接引语变间接引语。A. 陈述句的间接引语。直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可省略)
B. 疑问句的间接引语
题目：直接引语变间接引语
解：引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句.直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等.
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导.例如：
She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.
He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导.例如：
He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.
注意：大多数情况下,if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether.例如：
She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引导.例如：
He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.
My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.
Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”
4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order (命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如：
He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.
“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.
5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化：如：
1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 现在进行时→
Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时
2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时→
He said he would go to London next week.过去将来时
3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时→
My mother said she had already cleaned the house.过去完成时
注意:
1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如：
They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如：
He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.
但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.
3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.
参考思路：
改人称，改时态
举一反三
例1： 寻英语中的直接引语变间接引语,或是间接引语变直接引语?（要列句和分析）,[英语练习题]
思路提示：
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语是直接引述别人的原话,原话用有引号,而间接引语是引述别人的话,不用引号.间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语改为间接引语时,引述动词是现在时,则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变.例如：She says,“ I’ll never forget the moment变成间接引语为She says that she’ll never forget the moment.但是如引述动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化.遵循下列规律：
三要素.
我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目,关键要掌握下列“三要素”.
要素一：陈述句的间接引语——连接词用that,在口语中可省略.引述动词用said,told,,等.例如：
1) He said:“I’ve left my book in my room.”→
He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2) She said:“He will be busy.”→
She said that he would be busy.
要素二：疑问句的间接引语.一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether,而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether,引述动词用asked,没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him等,例如：
She said to Tom,“Can you help me?”→
She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
1) She asked,“Is this book yours or his?”→
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词,改为陈述语序.例如：
The teacher asked,“how did you repair it?” →
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
要素三：祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构.
told
即 asked sb.(not) to do sth.
ordered
warned
注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语.引语中的please 去掉,动词改为 ask
1) The teacher said to the students,“Don’t waste your time.” →
The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
2) The mother said,“Tom,get up early,please.”→
The mother asked Tom to get up early.
“五不变”
在直接引语变间接引语时,还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况.
1． 直接引语如果是客观真理,谚（习）语,变间接引语时时态不变.例如：
The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”→
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
My father said,“Practice makes perfect.”→
My father said practice makes perfect.
2.直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变,例如：
The boy said to us,“ I usually get up at six every day.”→
The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
He said,“We are still students.’→
He said they are still students.
3． 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语,时态不变.例如：
He said to me,“I was born in 1978.”→
He told me that he was born in 1978.
The engineer said,“I was at college in 1967.”→
The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
4．直接引语中凡有When,since,while 引导的从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句时态,从句的时态不变.例如：
He said,“I have studied English since I was a boy.” →
He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
She said,“I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→
She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
Mr.Green said to them,“Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→
Mr.Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
5．如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句,变间接引语时,引语中的主从句时态都不变.例如：
He said,“We insisted that she start immediately.→
He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
She said,“He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→
She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
另外,如果说话人转述自己的话,人称则可不变.例如：
I said to him,“I have finished it.”→I told him I had finished it.
如果就在当地转述,here不必变为there,come不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,则today,yesterday,tomorrow等状语也不必变化.例如：
She said to us,I’ll come here tomorrow.”→
She told us she would come here tomorrow.
例2： 【英语直接引语变间接引语的规则?】[英语练习题]
思路提示：
1.宾语从句的主语：一随主,二随宾,三不变.e.g.(1)She said "I will go home ."改：She said that she would go home.（一随主）(2)She said to me "You can go with me.".改She said to me that I could go with her...
例3： 【英语,直接引语变间接引语1.Hesaid“Ihavelostmyumbralla”2.paulsaid“I`mtryingtogetataxi”3.Heexpained“Ihaveeatenmeat”4.“Haveyoubeenhaveforages?”shesaid5.Hesaid“Itookthedictionaryhomewithme”6.Her】[英语练习题]
思路提示：
1.He said“I have lost my umbrella”
He said he had lost his umbrella.
2.paul said “I`m trying to get a taxi”
Poul said he was trying to get a taxi.
3.He expained“I have eaten meat”
He explained he had eaten meat.
4.“Have you been have for ages?” she said
She asked if/whether she had been had for ages.
5.He said “I took the dictionary home with me”
He said he had taken the dictionary home with him.
6.Herry said “Franls ,I came to return you the bush”
Herry told Franls (that) he had come to return his brush.
7.He asked“are you sure your mother will come”
He asked if/whether I was sure my mother would come.
例4： 英语间接引语变直接引语的问题请写出10组间接引语变直接引语的句子人称时态有变换[英语练习题]
思路提示：
1 He said that he was not my friend.-He said"I'm not your friend"
2 He said that my young brother had broken it.-He said"Your young brother broke it"
3 He said that he had lived in Beijing since 2000.-He said"I have lived in BJ since 2000"
4 She always says she likes English very much.-She always says "I like English very much."
5 The teacher asked me if I liked English.-The teacher asked me "Do you like English?"
6 Mother ordered the children to keep silent.-Mother ordered"Keep silent!"
7 The teacher told the students not to be late again.-The teacher said"Don't be late again."
8 We said what a clever monkey it was.-We said"What a clever monkey it is"
9 He said that he was very happy.-He said"I'm very happy."
10 He asked which star is the biggest.-He asked"Which star is the biggest?"
例5： 【关于英语中直接引语变间接引语的问题直接引语褆反意疑问句,间接引语是用if还是whether,或者哪一个更好一点?一般疑问句和选择疑问句这两个分别用什么好一点?】[英语练习题]
思路提示：
用whether更好!因为有很多情况下是不能用if的~如果是考试用到或考到选择题有了if选,又有whether的,记得要选whether哦~例如if不能与or not连用,不能和介词等等~
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